Spina Bifida

Spina Bifida is a birth defect that affects the spine and spinal cord. It occurs when the spinal column does not fully close during early pregnancy, leaving part of the Spina spinal cord exposed or improperly formed. This condition can range from mild to severe, depending on the size and location of the defect. With timely diagnosis and proper care, people with Spina Bifida can lead fulfilling lives.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type and severity of the condition:

  1. Mild Cases (Occulta): May have no visible signs or mild symptoms like a dimple or small patch of hair on the back.

  2. Moderate to Severe Cases (Meningocele/Myelomeningocele):

  • Weakness or paralysis in the legs.

  • Difficulty with bladder and bowel control.

  • Hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain) in some cases.

  • Learning difficulties or developmental delays.

How is Spina Bifida Diagnosed?

Spina Bifida is often diagnosed during pregnancy through:

  • Prenatal Ultrasound: Detects abnormalities in the spine.

  • Blood Tests: High levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may indicate neural tube defects.

  • Amniocentesis: Confirms the diagnosis by testing amniotic fluid.

After birth, X-rays, MRI, or CT scans are used to assess the spine and nerves.

Types of Spina Bifida

1 Spina Bifida Occulta

  • The mildest form, where a small gap in the spine exists but does not involve the spinal cord.

  • Often shows no symptoms and is discovered during X-rays for unrelated reasons.

2 Meningocele

  • A sac of fluid protrudes through the spinal opening, but the spinal cord remains unaffected.

  • This type is less common and may cause mild symptoms.

3 Myelomeningocele

  • The most severe form, where a portion of the spinal cord and nerves protrude through the opening, often causing nerve damage.

  • This type may lead to paralysis, bladder or bowel issues, and other complications.

Treatment Options

The treatment for Spina Bifida depends on its type and severity. Dr. Shankar Acharya offers expert care and personalized treatment plans, which may include:

1. Surgery

  • To close the spinal opening and protect the spinal cord.

  • Shunt placement for hydrocephalus if present.

2. Physical Therapy

  • Exercises to strengthen muscles and improve mobility.

3. Management of Symptoms

  • Regular check-ups to monitor and address issues like bladder control or infections.

Living with Spina Bifida

With proper care and support, individuals with Spina Bifida can live fulfilling lives. Here are some tips for patients and families:

  • Nutrition: Ensure adequate folic acid intake during pregnancy to reduce the risk of Spina Bifida.

  • Early Intervention: Regular therapy and medical care can improve quality of life.

  • Support Groups: Connecting with others can provide emotional and practical support.

Why Choose Dr. Shankar Acharya for Spina Bifida?

Dr. Shankar Acharya, with over 30 years of experience as a spine surgeon and senior consultant at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, specializes in treating complex spine conditions like Spina Bifida. He offers comprehensive care tailored to the needs of each patient, ensuring the best possible outcomes for urban and rural families alike.